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L-Proline
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L-Proline

Molecular formula diagram of 5-Aminolevulinic acid

Other Names
Proline, Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, L-(-)-Proline, 2-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid, (S)-
Ingredients
Content ≥99%, chloride ≤0.05%, moisture ≤0.03%, heavy metal ≤15ppm
Description
L-proline is an amino acid that plays a key role in plant and animal biology. It is a unique cyclic amino acid known for its unique ring structure, which confers significant stability and functionality. This non-essential amino acid is crucial in the biosynthesis of proteins. In addition, L-proline is essential for plant stress tolerance and contributes to the management of osmotic balance, detoxification, and metabolic regulation. L-proline is also an important amino acid accumulated by plants under stress conditions such as drought, high temperature, high salt, freezing, ultraviolet radiation, and heavy metals, and plays a key role in plant osmotic regulation. Can be used as fertilizer synergist.
Molecular Formula
C5H9NO2
Molar Mass
115.1305g/mol
Properties
White crystal powder
Density
1.4063 g/cm³
Melting Point
205 to 228 °C (401 to 442 °F; 478 to 501 K) (decomposes)
Solubility
1.5g/100g ethanol 19 degC

To ensure you have all the information you need, we've compiled a comprehensive list of frequently asked questions about the essential amino acid, L-Proline. If you can't find the answer you're looking for, please don't hesitate to reach out to us.

A: L-Proline is used to enhance plant stress tolerance, improve water retention, and aid in protein synthesis.

A: L-Proline helps plants manage osmotic stress, detoxifies reactive oxygen species, and stabilizes proteins and membranes.

A: Yes, L-Proline improves water retention and osmotic balance, which enhances a plant's ability to withstand drought conditions.

A: Yes, L-Proline is beneficial for a wide variety of plants including crops, vegetables, and ornamental plants.

A: L-Proline can be applied through foliar sprays, soil drenches, or as a component of hydroponic nutrient solutions.

A: Signs of deficiency may include poor growth, reduced stress tolerance, and lower resistance to drought and salinity.

A: The frequency of application depends on the crop type and environmental conditions, but generally, it can be applied every 2-4 weeks during the growing season.

A: Yes, L-Proline is a natural amino acid and can be used in organic farming practices.

A: L-Proline can be synergistic with other nutrients, enhancing their uptake and effectiveness.

A: When used within the recommended guidelines, L-Proline is generally considered safe and non-toxic for plants. However, as with any plant nutrient, it is important to follow the recommended application rates to avoid potential imbalances or adverse effects.

L-Proline is a versatile amino acid with a wide range of applications in various fields of plant cultivation and maintenance. Below is a detailed table outlining the primary applications of L-Proline and how it benefits each sector:
Agriculture
Enhances crop stress tolerance, improves drought resistance, and promotes overall plant health and growth. L-Proline aids in better nutrient absorption and utilization, leading to higher yields and better-quality produce. It is especially beneficial in adverse conditions such as salinity and extreme temperatures.
Crop Cultivation
Enhances growth and resilience of crops grown in controlled environments. L-Proline helps plants adapt to the fluctuating conditions often found in greenhouses, such as changes in humidity and temperature, ensuring stable growth and high productivity.
Soil Treatment
Incorporated into soil conditioners to enhance soil fertility and plant nutrient availability. L-Proline enriches the soil environment, promoting better root development and nutrient absorption, which leads to healthier and more vigorous plant growth.
Horticulture
Used in ornamental plant care to improve stress resistance and enhance aesthetic qualities. L-Proline helps ornamental plants to maintain vibrant colors and healthy foliage even under stressful conditions. It also supports faster recovery from damage caused by pests or environmental stress.
Seed Treatment
Improves germination rates and early seedling vigor by providing essential nutrients. L-Proline-treated seeds exhibit better resistance to stress factors during germination and early growth stages, leading to stronger and more uniform seedlings.
Organic Farming
Used as a natural amino acid source to support organic farming practices and sustainable agriculture. L-Proline aligns with organic farming principles, offering a natural and effective solution for improving plant health and productivity without synthetic chemicals.
Hydroponics
Integral part of nutrient solutions, aiding in stress management and nutrient absorption in soilless systems. L-Proline ensures that hydroponically grown plants have a consistent supply of essential amino acids, which are crucial for optimal growth and development. This leads to healthier plants and better harvests.

Proline is an amino acid involved in protein synthesis, characterized by an α-amino group containing a secondary amine and an unusual cyclic structure that imparts rigidity to the protein's secondary structure. Beyond its role in protein composition, free proline is considered to have unique functions in plant cells, particularly under abiotic stress conditions. Proline not only appears as a product of protein hydrolysis but can also be de novo synthesized in plant cells via the glutamate (Glu) pathway or the ornithine (Orn) pathway (as illustrated below).

L-proline is primarily synthesized from glutamate in the cytoplasm and/or chloroplasts through the activities of two enzymes: Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS, EC 2.7.2.11; EC 1.2.1.41) and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR; EC 1.5.1.2). The first enzyme catalyzes the conversion of Glu to glutamate-5-semialdehyde (GSA), which then spontaneously cyclizes to form Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). P5CS is encoded by two genes whose expressions are differentially regulated, producing two isoforms that generally exhibit non-redundant activities, different subcellular localizations, and have been reported to be subfunctionalized for stress responses (P5CS1) and housekeeping functions (P5CS2). In the second enzymatic step of this biosynthetic pathway, P5CR reduces P5C to proline, preferentially using NADPH as the electron donor. In the alternative pathway, the first step involves the reversible transamination of Orn to GSA, catalyzed by the mitochondrial enzyme ornithine δ-aminotransferase (OAT; EC 2.6.1.13). Similar to the Glu pathway, GSA subsequently cyclizes spontaneously to P5C, which is then converted to proline by P5CR.

The catabolism of proline occurs in mitochondria via the activity of proline dehydrogenase (ProDH; EC 1.5.5.2), which converts proline back to P5C. This common intermediate P5C is then oxidized by P5C dehydrogenase (P5CDH; EC 1.2.1.88) to generate Glu. ProDH enzymes also exist in two isoforms, expressed under different conditions. Although the exact mechanisms of intracellular transport are not well described, the compartmentalized metabolism of proline involves the active transport of proline, P5C, GSA, and Glu among the cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and mitochondria.

Overview of the main metabolic pathways responsible for proline biosynthesis in the cytoplasm and/or chloroplast and for proline catabolism in the mitochondria (Sofia Spormann, et al., 2023)