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1,3-Propanediol
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1,3-Propanediol

Molecular formula diagram for 1,3-propanediol

Other Names
1,3-Dihydroxypropane; PDO
Description
1,3-Propanediol (PDO) is a key ingredient in the manufacture of a variety of polymers, resins and industrial chemicals. It is a clear, nearly odorless liquid known for its high boiling point and surprisingly low freezing point, making it suitable for applications in a wide range of temperatures, from the cold of deep freezes to the high temperatures of industrial processes.
Molecular Formula
C3H8O2
Molar Mass
76.09g/mol
Properties
Colorless, odorless, salty, hygroscopic viscous liquid
Boiling Point
211 to 217 °C; 412 to 422 °F; 484 to 490 K
Melting Point
−27 °C; −17 °F; 246 K

To assist you in fully understanding the immense possibilities that the 1,3-Propanediol intermediate offers, we have compiled an exhaustive list of questions that are frequently asked, alongside their comprehensive respondents:

A: 1,3-Propanediol, often abbreviated as PDO, is a type of organic compound. It finds its use extensively in the production of a wide range of industrial chemicals, thus playing a crucial role in numerous industries.

A: The production of PDO is typically accomplished by hydrating acrolein. However, there are also bio-based methods available which employ certain specific strains of bacteria for the production process.

A: Handling PDO is generally safe provided that the appropriate protective gear is worn and correct handling procedures are followed.

A: To ensure its optimal condition, PDO should be stored in an environment that is cool and dry. It should also be kept away from sources of heat and open flames to avoid any potential hazards.

A: The 1,3-Propanediol compound finds its usage widely spread across various industries. Some of the major ones include the polymer industry, resin production, and a plethora of other chemical industries.

A: The boiling point of PDO is approximately 210°C, which is relatively high compared to many other organic compounds.

A: PDO exhibits a freezing point of approximately -27°C, which means it remains liquid at most ambient temperatures.

A: Absolutely, one of the common applications of PDO is in the manufacture of bio-based polyesters, making it a key component in the production of bio-plastics.

A: When produced using bio-based methods, 1,3-Propanediol can be considered as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly option compared to its petroleum-based counterparts.

A: Yes, indeed. PDO is a popular humectant in personal care and cosmetic products due to its exceptional ability to attract and retain moisture, thereby contributing to the products' moisturising effects.

1,3-Propanediol (PDO) intermediates have a broad array of applications, emphasizing their valuable role across many industries. Here are several key uses:
Manufacturing of Polytrimethylene Terephthalate (PTT)
PDO intermediates are necessary for the production of PTT, a commonly used polymer. PTT finds extensive use in various industries, especially in carpets and clothing, due to its resilience, durability, and softness.
Creation of Polyurethane
PDO plays a vital role in the production of polyurethane, an omnipresent material in our daily lives. Polyurethane, known for its flexibility and insulating properties, is crucial in the manufacturing of foam insulation, sealants, and many other products. It's also used in furniture, bedding, car seats, and even shoes.
Cosmetics Industry
The cosmetics industry heavily relies on PDO intermediates. They act as an efficient humectant, a substance that helps retain moisture. This characteristic is especially beneficial in skincare and personal care products, where keeping the skin hydrated is essential. PDO can be found in lotions, creams, and other moisturizing products.
Industrial Chemical Production
Beyond the aforementioned uses, PDO intermediates also find their place in various industrial chemical production processes, underlining their adaptability and versatility.
Bio-plastics Manufacturing
PDO is instrumental in the production of bio-plastics. Its ability to form bio-based polyesters makes it an eco-friendly alternative for traditional petroleum-based plastics.

This case highlights how optimizing fed-batch fermentation at unaerated conditions and 100 rpm enhances 1,3-PDO production by L. reuteri CH53. The ideal glucose to glycerol ratio is 0.5. Despite ample glucose, cell growth stalls after 9 hours due to substrate depletion. Glucose and glycerol levels gradually decline post-feeding. Peak specific production and consumption rates occur at 4 hours, diminishing afterward. Reduced glucose consumption lowers NADH production, affecting glycerol conversion to 1,3-PDO. The maximum 1,3-PDO yield reaches 55.24±1.02 g/L at 54 hours, achieving 98.8% conversion efficiency from glycerol. These results underscore the potential of L. reuteri CH53 as an efficient 1,3-PDO producer. (a) Gray down-triangles, cell growth; red up-triangles, glycerol consumption; blue circles, 1,3-propanediol; empty circles, lactic acid; green up-triangles, acetic acid; black squares, ethanol. (b) Gray squares, glucose; red up-triangles, glycerol; blue circles, 1,3-propanediol; empty circles, lactic acid; green up-triangles, acetic acid. (c) Gray squares, glucose; red up-triangles, glycerol.

Effect of fed-batch fermentation on production of 1,3-PDO (Jung-Hyun Ju, et al., 2020)